Natural Occurence : Ammonium chloride is found naturally in volcanic regions. It is produced on volcanic rocks near fume releasing vents. The crystals are being formed from the gaseous state but these crystals are short-lived as they readily dissolves in water.
Solvay Process : This is a very well known process for synthesis of sodium carbonate from ammonia and carbon dioxide. This reaction also yields ammonium chloride as the product.
CO2 + 2 NH3 + 2 NaCl + H2O —–> 2 NH4Cl + 2 Na2CO3
Reaction of ammonia and hydrogen chloride : Commercially, it can also be prepared by the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with hydrogen chloride (HCl)
NH3 + HCl ——-> NH4Cl